Dynamics & Expressive Techniques 2
From the syllabus:
Dynamics refer to the volume of sound. Important aspects include the relative softness and loudness of sound, change of loudness (contrast), and the emphasis on individual sounds (accent).
Expressive techniques refers to the musical detail that articulates a style or interpretation of a style.
Students should understand and apply the following (where appropriate to the musical context):
• a range of dynamics, including gradations
• articulations
• tempo, including gradations
• stylistic indications.
Dynamics refer to the volume of sound. Important aspects include the relative softness and loudness of sound, change of loudness (contrast), and the emphasis on individual sounds (accent).
Expressive techniques refers to the musical detail that articulates a style or interpretation of a style.
Students should understand and apply the following (where appropriate to the musical context):
• a range of dynamics, including gradations
• articulations
• tempo, including gradations
• stylistic indications.
Dynamics
al niente dolce fp marcato morendo Sforzando sotto voce Subito ‘Dynamic Grid’ - Pianissimo - Piano - Mezzo Piano - Mezzo Forte - Forte - Fortissimo - Crescendo - Decrescendo/Diminuendo Terraced Dynamics Dynamics Through Time - Medieval - Renaissance - Baroque - Classical - Romantic - 20th + 21st Centuries |
Accent
Arco Bend Breathing / Panting Brushes (Wire) Chorus Con Legno Con Sordino Distortion Doink / Voice Fleck Double Stopping Drop Drum Roll Echo/Delay Falsetto Flutter Tonguing Fret Noises Glissando Glottal Stop Harmonic Jet Whistle Key Clicks Laughing Legato Melisma Multiphonics Mute - Straight Mute - Bucket Mute - Wah Wah - Cup Mute |
Overtone Singing
Pedal Gliss Pizzicato Portamento Prepared Piano Reverb Rim Shot Rubato Scat Screaming / Shouting Slap Slap Tonguing Slurp Speaking Sprechstimme Staccato Strummed Sustain / Damper Pedal Talk Box Tambourine Roll Tenuto Tonguing Tremolo Vibrato Vocoder Whispering |
An expressive technique changes the ‘way’ that a note is played/performed/sounds. Or, a method of performing a note that changes it’ sound from that of a ‘cleanly’ produced note.
Accent
A strong / emphasized / attacked note or chord - All instruments
A strong / emphasized / attacked note or chord - All instruments
Arco
With the bow - Strings
With the bow - Strings
Bend
Sliding around the pitch - Vocal + others
Sliding around the pitch - Vocal + others
Breathing / Panting
I even surprise myself with the things I find! (This all vocal – rhythmic hiccupping AKA Eephing – Even I learnt something new!) - Vocals
I even surprise myself with the things I find! (This all vocal – rhythmic hiccupping AKA Eephing – Even I learnt something new!) - Vocals
Brushes (Wire)
Playing the drums with wire brushes rather than sticks - Percussion
Playing the drums with wire brushes rather than sticks - Percussion
Chorus
Chorus adds a swirling property to a sound that it is applied to, thickening the sound - Electronic
Chorus adds a swirling property to a sound that it is applied to, thickening the sound - Electronic
Con Legno
Hit the string with the wood of the bow - Strings
Hit the string with the wood of the bow - Strings
Con Sordino
With a mute placed on the strings near the bridge. Stops some of the string vibration - Strings
With a mute placed on the strings near the bridge. Stops some of the string vibration - Strings
Distortion
Distortion is a deformation of a waveform - Electronic
Distortion is a deformation of a waveform - Electronic
Doink / Voice Fleck
Sliding upwards at the end of a phrase (At he end of the word ‘eagle’ in this example) - Vocal
Sliding upwards at the end of a phrase (At he end of the word ‘eagle’ in this example) - Vocal
Double Stopping
Playing two (or more) notes at once - Strings
Playing two (or more) notes at once - Strings
Drop
Sliding down away from correct pitch (The word ‘sky’ in this example) - Vocal
Sliding down away from correct pitch (The word ‘sky’ in this example) - Vocal
Drum Roll
Rapidly alternating the 2 drum sticks/mallets - Drums
Rapidly alternating the 2 drum sticks/mallets - Drums
Echo/Delay
A slightly delayed repletion of sound - Electronic
A slightly delayed repletion of sound - Electronic
Falsetto
Male voice singing higher than ‘usual’ - Male Vocal
Male voice singing higher than ‘usual’ - Male Vocal
Flutter Tonguing
Rolling the tongue (rrrrrrrr) while producing the pitch - Wood Wind and Brass
Rolling the tongue (rrrrrrrr) while producing the pitch - Wood Wind and Brass
Fret Noises
The sound made from running the fingers across the guitar strings usually - Guitar
The sound made from running the fingers across the guitar strings usually - Guitar
Glissando
Sliding pitch - Most pitched instruments
Sliding pitch - Most pitched instruments
Glottal Stop
Like a gulp. The top of the wind pipe is closed stopping the air flow - Vocal
Like a gulp. The top of the wind pipe is closed stopping the air flow - Vocal
Harmonic
Lightly touching the string allowing only part of it to vibrate producing an extremely high pitch - Strings
Lightly touching the string allowing only part of it to vibrate producing an extremely high pitch - Strings
Jet Whistle
Blowing the Flute but creating no pitch - Flute
Blowing the Flute but creating no pitch - Flute
Key Clicks
Clicking the keys of an instrument - Any keyed instrument
Clicking the keys of an instrument - Any keyed instrument
Laughing
Laughing - Vocal
Laughing - Vocal
Legato
Performing notes smoothly and connected - All pitched instruments
Performing notes smoothly and connected - All pitched instruments
Melisma
Singing syllable over many notes - Vocal
Singing syllable over many notes - Vocal
Multiphonics
Producing more than one note on a single note instrument - Brass and Wood Wind
Producing more than one note on a single note instrument - Brass and Wood Wind
Mute
- Straight Mute
- Bucket Mute
- Wah Wah
- Cup Mute
An object placed in the bell of an instrument. Wah wah is created by covering the hole in the mute with the hand - Brass
- Straight Mute
- Bucket Mute
- Wah Wah
- Cup Mute
An object placed in the bell of an instrument. Wah wah is created by covering the hole in the mute with the hand - Brass
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