Dynamics & Expressive Techniques 3
From the syllabus:
Dynamics refer to the volume of sound. Important aspects include the relative softness and loudness of sound, change of loudness (contrast), and the emphasis on individual sounds (accent).
Expressive techniques refers to the musical detail that articulates a style or interpretation of a style.
Students should understand and apply the following (where appropriate to the musical context):
• a range of dynamics, including gradations
• articulations
• tempo, including gradations
• stylistic indications.
Dynamics refer to the volume of sound. Important aspects include the relative softness and loudness of sound, change of loudness (contrast), and the emphasis on individual sounds (accent).
Expressive techniques refers to the musical detail that articulates a style or interpretation of a style.
Students should understand and apply the following (where appropriate to the musical context):
• a range of dynamics, including gradations
• articulations
• tempo, including gradations
• stylistic indications.
Dynamics
al niente dolce fp marcato morendo Sforzando sotto voce Subito ‘Dynamic Grid’ - Pianissimo - Piano - Mezzo Piano - Mezzo Forte - Forte - Fortissimo - Crescendo - Decrescendo/Diminuendo Terraced Dynamics Dynamics Through Time - Medieval - Renaissance - Baroque - Classical - Romantic - 20th + 21st Centuries |
Accent
Arco Bend Breathing / Panting Brushes (Wire) Chorus Con Legno Con Sordino Distortion Doink / Voice Fleck Double Stopping Drop Drum Roll Echo/Delay Falsetto Flutter Tonguing Fret Noises Glissando Glottal Stop Harmonic Jet Whistle Key Clicks Laughing Legato Melisma Multiphonics Mute - Straight Mute - Bucket Mute - Wah Wah - Cup Mute |
Overtone Singing
Pedal Gliss Pizzicato Portamento Prepared Piano Reverb Rim Shot Rubato Scat Screaming / Shouting Slap Slap Tonguing Slurp Speaking Sprechstimme Staccato Strummed Sustain / Damper Pedal Talk Box Tambourine Roll Tenuto Tonguing Tremolo Vibrato Vocoder Whispering |
An expressive technique changes the ‘way’ that a note is played/performed/sounds. Or, a method of performing a note that changes it’ sound from that of a ‘cleanly’ produced note.
Overtone Singing
A type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances (creating more than one pitch) created as air travels from the lungs, past the vocal chords, and out the lips - Vocal
A type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances (creating more than one pitch) created as air travels from the lungs, past the vocal chords, and out the lips - Vocal
Pedal Gliss
Using the pedal to change the tension of the drum skin - Timpani
Using the pedal to change the tension of the drum skin - Timpani
Pizzicato
Plucked with the fingers or object - Strings
Plucked with the fingers or object - Strings
Portamento
A technique of gliding/sliding from one note to another without actually defining the in-between notes; a smooth sliding between two pitches. This term is used primarily in singing and string instruments. In the first example you will hear a version without a Portamento and then a clear Portamento between the high note and the last note - Voice and Strings
A technique of gliding/sliding from one note to another without actually defining the in-between notes; a smooth sliding between two pitches. This term is used primarily in singing and string instruments. In the first example you will hear a version without a Portamento and then a clear Portamento between the high note and the last note - Voice and Strings
Prepared Piano
A piano whose strings have been manipulated by inserting nuts and bolts and other foreign objects
A piano whose strings have been manipulated by inserting nuts and bolts and other foreign objects
Reverb
When sound is produced in a space, multiple reflections (echoes) may build up and blend together - Electronic
When sound is produced in a space, multiple reflections (echoes) may build up and blend together - Electronic
Rim Shot
Hitting the metal edge of the snare drum - Snare Drum
Hitting the metal edge of the snare drum - Snare Drum
Rubato
See ‘Rubato’ in DURATION - All
See ‘Rubato’ in DURATION - All
Scat
Imitating an instrument by singing short nonsense syllables in a fast improvised way. It often sounds like it is imitating the jazz trumpet or sax - Vocal
Imitating an instrument by singing short nonsense syllables in a fast improvised way. It often sounds like it is imitating the jazz trumpet or sax - Vocal
Screaming / Shouting
Vocal
Vocal
Slap
Hit the strings often with thumb - Bass Guitar
Hit the strings often with thumb - Bass Guitar
Slap Tonguing
Slapping the tongue on the reed as you play - Wood Wind
Slapping the tongue on the reed as you play - Wood Wind
Slurp
Sliding up to the correct pitch - Vocal
Sliding up to the correct pitch - Vocal
Speaking
Voice
Voice
Sprechstimme
Half sung half spoken - Vocal
Half sung half spoken - Vocal
Staccato
Notes that are short and detached - All
Notes that are short and detached - All
Strummed
Moving a finger or a pick over several strings (like strumming the guitar) - Strings
Moving a finger or a pick over several strings (like strumming the guitar) - Strings
Sustain / Damper Pedal
The pedal on the piano that allows the notes to resonate after the key has been depressed. Creates a very legato sound - Piano
The pedal on the piano that allows the notes to resonate after the key has been depressed. Creates a very legato sound - Piano
Talk Box
Amplified sound is actually fed via a tube into the performer's mouth and is then shaped by the performer's lip, tongue, and mouth movements before being picked up by a microphone - Guitar/Vocal
Amplified sound is actually fed via a tube into the performer's mouth and is then shaped by the performer's lip, tongue, and mouth movements before being picked up by a microphone - Guitar/Vocal
Tambourine Roll
Running the thumb around the outside edge of the tambourine - Tambourine
Running the thumb around the outside edge of the tambourine - Tambourine
Tenuto
Drawing out the full length of each note. Giving the note a very slight stress. Tenuto is like a slight pause - All
Drawing out the full length of each note. Giving the note a very slight stress. Tenuto is like a slight pause - All
Tonguing
Pressing the tongue on the reed/mouthpiece of the instrument to create a short sound or to break up the sound - Wood Wind, Brass
Pressing the tongue on the reed/mouthpiece of the instrument to create a short sound or to break up the sound - Wood Wind, Brass
Tremolo
A rapid repletion of the same note or chord. A rapid alternation between two notes (wider than a tone otherwise it’s a trill) - All
A rapid repletion of the same note or chord. A rapid alternation between two notes (wider than a tone otherwise it’s a trill) - All
Vibrato
Vibrating/shaking the pitch - Most instruments
Vibrating/shaking the pitch - Most instruments
Vocoder
A vocal manipulation that sounds like this - Electronic
A vocal manipulation that sounds like this - Electronic
Whispering
Vocal
Vocal
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